Pop-up advertisements experienced a remarkable surge in the late 1990s and early 2000s, initially offering a seemingly straightforward way for companies to reach a vast audience. Driven by their noticeable visibility, these intrusive windows became ubiquitous across the online world, generating s

The pervasive nature of ad fraud poses a significant challenge to the digital advertising industry. This comparative analysis examines the diverse strategies employed by fraudsters and highlights their impact on advertisers, publishers, and consumers. By comparing various fraudulent practices acr